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常用木材的物理力学性能 |
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树 种 |
地 区 |
气干密度 /g·cm-3 |
体积干 缩系数 /% |
顺纹抗 压强度 /MPa |
横纹抗压强度 (弦向)/MPa |
顺纹抗 拉强度 /MPa |
抗弯 强度 (弦向) /MPa |
抗弯 模量 (弦向) /GPa |
冲击 韧度 (弦向) /N·m |
顺纹抗 剪强度 (弦面) /MPa |
硬度 (端面) /MPa |
|
|
局部 受压 |
全部 受压 |
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|
针叶树材 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
冷杉 |
四川大渡河、青衣江 |
0.433 |
0.537 |
34.8 |
4.3 |
3.2 |
95.4 |
68.6 |
9.8 |
3.8 |
5.4 |
31 |
|
杉松冷杉 |
东北长白山 |
0.390 |
0.437 |
31.9 |
3.5 |
2.4 |
71.1 |
65.1 |
9.1 |
3.0 |
6.4 |
25 |
|
臭冷杉 |
东北小兴安岭 |
0.384 |
0.472 |
38.8 |
3.3 |
2.3 |
77.2 |
63.8 |
9.4 |
3.1 |
6.2 |
22 |
|
杉木 |
湖南江华 |
0.371 |
0.420 |
37.0 |
3.2 |
1.4 |
75.7 |
62.5 |
9.4 |
2.5 |
4.8 |
25 |
|
柏木 |
湖北崇阳 |
0.600 |
0.320 |
53.2 |
9.4 |
6.6 |
114.8 |
98.5 |
10.0 |
4.5 |
10.9 |
58 |
|
银杏 |
安徽歙县 |
0.532 |
0.417 |
40.2 |
5.2 |
3.1 |
80.4 |
76.2 |
9.1 |
3.3 |
10.8 |
111 |
|
油杉 |
福建永泰 |
0.552 |
0.510 |
43.7 |
7.1 |
4.5 |
107.8 |
89.3 |
12.3 |
5.6 |
6.9 |
43 |
|
落叶松 |
东北小兴安岭 |
0.641 |
0.588 |
56.4 |
8.2 |
— |
127.3 |
111.0 |
14.2 |
4.8 |
6.7 |
37 |
|
黄花落叶松 |
东北长白山 |
0.594 |
0.554 |
51.3 |
7.6 |
— |
120.1 |
97.3 |
12.4 |
4.8 |
6.9 |
33 |
|
红杉 |
四川平武 |
0.452 |
0.416 |
34.3 |
6.2 |
4.3 |
76.0 |
68.8 |
8.6 |
2.8 |
5.1 |
31 |
|
云杉 |
四川平武、理县 |
0.459 |
0.521 |
37.8 |
4.4 |
2.8 |
92.1 |
74.4 |
10.1 |
3.8 |
5.8 |
24 |
|
红皮云杉 |
东北小兴安岭 |
0.417 |
0.484 |
34.5 |
4.3 |
|
94.8 |
68.5 |
10.9 |
3.2 |
6.1 |
21 |
|
紫果云杉 |
四川平武 |
0.481 |
0.521 |
42.1 |
4.9 |
2.8 |
111.5 |
81.1 |
11.4 |
4.1 |
6.1 |
34 |
|
华山松 |
贵州威宁 |
0.476 |
0.449 |
35.3 |
4.3 |
2.6 |
85.5 |
63.3 |
8.5 |
3.6 |
7.5 |
25 |
|
红松 |
小兴安岭、长白山 |
0.440 |
0.459 |
32.7 |
3.7 |
— |
96.1 |
64.0 |
9.8 |
3.4 |
6.8 |
21 |
|
广东松 |
湖南莽山 |
0.501 |
0.409 |
31.4 |
— |
6.1 |
96.2 |
89.9 |
9.9 |
3.9 |
7.8 |
34 |
|
黄山松 |
安徽霍山 |
0.571 |
0.589 |
46.6 |
6.6 |
4.5 |
— |
89.4 |
12.8 |
5.4 |
8.7 |
31 |
|
马尾松 |
湖南郴县、会同 |
0.519 |
0.470 |
43.5 |
6.5 |
3.0 |
102.8 |
89.2 |
12.1 |
3.8 |
6.6 |
29 |
|
樟子松 |
黑龙江图里河 |
0.477 |
— |
36.1 |
3.4 |
— |
112.8 |
69.9 |
9.8 |
4.1 |
7.7 |
25 |
|
油松 |
湖北秭归 |
0.537 |
0.476 |
41.6 |
5.4 |
3.5 |
118.2 |
86.2 |
11.3 |
4.2 |
6.2 |
28 |
|
云南松 |
云南广通 |
0.588 |
0.612 |
44.6 |
4.6 |
3.1 |
118.1 |
93.4 |
12.6 |
5.5 |
7.6 |
38 |
|
铁杉 |
四川青衣江 |
0.511 |
0.439 |
45.4 |
6.0 |
3.5 |
115.4 |
89.7 |
11.1 |
3.9 |
8.2 |
40 |
|
阔叶树材 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
槭木 |
东北长白山 |
0.709 |
0.510 |
47.8 |
8.4 |
6.2 |
|
13.1 |
13.1 |
8.3 |
14.0 |
66 |
|
山合欢 |
江西武宁 |
0.577 |
0.390 |
45.9 |
6.7 |
4.2 |
88.3 |
11.9 |
11.9 |
6.9 |
12.4 |
58 |
|
拟赤杨 |
福建南靖 |
0.431 |
0.399 |
29.9 |
2.7 |
2.0 |
— |
8.0 |
8.0 |
3.3 |
7.8 |
34 |
|
西南桤木 |
云南广通 |
0.503 |
0.441 |
39.1 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
80.4 |
74.6 |
9.6 |
4.1 |
9.4 |
38 |
|
西南蕈树 |
云南屏边 |
0.768 |
0.627 |
66.5 |
7.1 |
4.9 |
— |
121.6 |
12.7 |
7.3 |
14.5 |
89 |
|
光皮桦 |
安徽岳西 |
0.723 |
0.557 |
58.2 |
9.4 |
6.5 |
148.0 |
127.8 |
14.3 |
8.6 |
19.0 |
81 |
|
红桦 |
四川岷江、黑水 |
0.597 |
0.474 |
44.4 |
4.6 |
3.4 |
147.7 |
90.6 |
10.6 |
6.9 |
11.4 |
53 |
|
白桦 |
甘肃洮河 |
0.615 |
0.466 |
41.7 |
4.7 |
3.4 |
101.4 |
85.6 |
9.0 |
7.8 |
11.6 |
38 |
|
蚬木 |
广西龙津县 |
1.130 |
0.806 |
75.1 |
17.8 |
12.5 |
— |
158.2 |
20.7 |
17.9 |
20.7 |
140 |
|
亮叶鹅耳栎 |
海南尖峰岭 |
0.651 |
0.518 |
44.1 |
7.8 |
5.1 |
— |
71.3 |
11.2 |
5.0 |
10.5 |
75 |
|
米槠 |
广东乳沅 |
0.548 |
0.465 |
37.9 |
4.1 |
2.6 |
108.3 |
81.4 |
10.7 |
6.5 |
9.2 |
38 |
|
甜槠 |
安徽歙县 |
0.552 |
0.400 |
37.7 |
4.5 |
3.4 |
71.8 |
73.5 |
9.1 |
4.4 |
9.9 |
43 |
|
栲树 |
福建建瓯 |
0.610 |
0.446 |
43.0 |
5.1 |
3.5 |
— |
85.4 |
11.0 |
7.0 |
9.4 |
39 |
|
苦槠 |
福建 |
0.595 |
0.392 |
41.7 |
4.9 |
3.3 |
75.7 |
82.7 |
8.8 |
4.5 |
8.7 |
47 |
|
山枣 |
江西武宁 |
0.569 |
0.463 |
43.3 |
5.9 |
3.6 |
— |
96.5 |
12.1 |
6.9 |
10.7 |
41 |
|
香樟 |
湖南郴县 |
0.580 |
0.412 |
40.8 |
7.1 |
— |
— |
73.6 |
9.0 |
3.9 |
9.1 |
40 |
|
青岗 |
安徽黟县 |
0.892 |
0.598 |
64.2 |
12.9 |
8.4 |
— |
141.7 |
16.3 |
11.1 |
20.7 |
111 |
|
细叶青岗 |
安徽黟县 |
0.893 |
0.635 |
63.6 |
11.9 |
7.9 |
139.7 |
139.2 |
16.6 |
9.6 |
20.9 |
110 |
|
黄檀 |
江西武宁 |
0.897 |
0.579 |
— |
12.3 |
8.0 |
— |
156.6 |
18.0 |
13.0 |
20.5 |
124 |
|
黄杞 |
福建南靖 |
0.569 |
0.411 |
44.2 |
5.5 |
4.3 |
113.2 |
89.4 |
9.9 |
4.3 |
9.8 |
55 |
|
柠檬桉 |
广西宜山 |
0.968 |
0.732 |
63.5 |
14.4 |
7.7 |
148.5 |
142.3 |
18.6 |
15.7 |
15.5 |
85 |
|
水青岗 |
云南金平 |
0.793 |
0.617 |
51.5 |
6.8 |
4.7 |
139.6 |
113.2 |
13.4 |
13.3 |
14.0 |
62 |
|
水曲柳 |
东北长白山 |
0.686 |
0.577 |
51.5 |
10.5 |
— |
135.9 |
116.2 |
14.3 |
7.0 |
10.3 |
63 |
|
毛坡垒 |
云南屏边 |
0.965 |
0.787 |
72.8 |
8.2 |
5.6 |
— |
152.7 |
20.3 |
12.4 |
15.3 |
112 |
|
核桃楸 |
东北长白山 |
0.526 |
0.465 |
36.0 |
4.5 |
— |
125.0 |
26.3 |
11.8 |
5.174 |
9.8 |
34 |
|
枫香 |
湖南郴县 |
0.608 |
0.468 |
41.8 |
5.4 |
— |
106.5 |
80.8 |
9.6 |
5.145 |
7.0 |
62 |
|
石栎 |
浙江昌化 |
0.665 |
0.480 |
49.5 |
11.0 |
— |
108.1 |
94.5 |
11.3 |
4.312 |
11.9 |
62 |
|
红楠 |
广东乳沅 |
0.560 |
0.468 |
37.5 |
5.5 |
3.8 |
100.2 |
79.7 |
10.1 |
6.546 |
9.0 |
35 |
|
花榈木 |
江西武宁 |
0.588 |
0.448 |
40.8 |
6.0 |
3.5 |
— |
91.6 |
8.9 |
8.506 |
13.4 |
59 |
|
黄柀椤 |
东北长白山 |
0.449 |
0.368 |
33.0 |
4.6 |
3.8 |
— |
74.6 |
8.8 |
4.194 |
9.0 |
32 |
|
山杨 |
黑龙江带岭 |
0.364 |
— |
30.7 |
2.3 |
— |
— |
54.8 |
5.9 |
7.683 |
6.6 |
20 |
|
毛白杨 |
北京 |
0.525 |
0.458 |
38.2 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
91.6 |
77.0 |
10.2 |
7.850 |
9.4 |
38 |
|
麻栎 |
安徽肥西 |
0.930 |
0.616 |
51.1 |
9.9 |
6.4 |
152.3 |
126.0 |
16.5 |
11.985 |
17.6 |
80 |
|
柞木 |
东北长白山 |
0.766 |
0.590 |
54.5 |
8.6 |
— |
152.3 |
121.5 |
15.2 |
11.074 |
12.6 |
74 |
|
刺槐 |
北京 |
0.792 |
0.548 |
52.8 |
10.2 |
7.3 |
— |
124.3 |
12.7 |
17.042 |
12.8 |
67 |
|
檫木 |
湖南郴县 |
0.584 |
0.469 |
40.5 |
7.1 |
— |
108.6 |
91.2 |
11.3 |
6.194 |
7.8 |
41 |
|
荷木 |
湖南郴县 |
0.611 |
0.473 |
43.8 |
4.7 |
— |
121.0 |
91.0 |
12.7 |
6.811 |
10.0 |
52 |
|
槐树 |
山东 |
0.702 |
0.511 |
45.0 |
8.1 |
6.5 |
— |
103.3 |
10.2 |
12.642 |
13.6 |
65 |
|
柚木 |
云南景东 |
0.601 |
0.413 |
49.8 |
7.3 |
5.0 |
79.4 |
103.2 |
10.0 |
4.567 |
4.7 |
49 |
|
紫椴 |
东北长白山 |
0.493 |
0.470 |
28.4 |
2.7 |
— |
105.8 |
59.2 |
11.0 |
4.792 |
7.7 |
21 |
|
裂叶榆 |
黑龙江带岭 |
0.548 |
0.517 |
31.8 |
4.2 |
2.9 |
114.6 |
79.3 |
11.6 |
5.635 |
8.3 |
38 |
|
榉树 |
安徽滁县 |
0.791 |
0.591 |
47.7 |
8.6 |
6.9 |
149.6 |
127.5 |
12.3 |
15.053 |
15.0 |
82 |
|
注：表列木材的物理力学性能，除体积干缩系数、冲击韧度及针叶树材顺纹抗拉强度外，均为含水率15%的数值。 |
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